Longitudinal Research
Leads the Way
CHRONIC HEPATITIS B
MISSION
To collect blood samples from donors living with HBV for biomarker discovery and drug development.
CHALLENGES
Find qualified participants infected with HBV but free of viral coinfection and collect blood samples weekly for 1 year.
SOLUTION
We enrolled more than 100 donors and deployed mobile phlebotomists to collect whole blood specimens.
Why Does Hepatitis B Turn Chronic? Who Is at Risk?
An estimated 300 million people live globally with chronic infection due to hepatitis B virus (HBV); about 862,000 of these individuals live in the U.S.¹,² Although most adults who contract HBV clear the infection and go on to live without symptoms, some develop long-lasting infections which places them at greater risk of developing liver diseases or dying. Young children are particularly vulnerable, even though HBV is preventable with vaccination. When mothers pass the virus to their newborns, or when children younger than 6 years old acquire HBV, 90% of these cases become chronic.¹ There are medicines to suppress the virus in people living with HBV. Nevertheless, there continues to be an unmet need for these people and the nearly 1 million people who die from HBV each year¹ — for better therapies or a cure.
Recruiting Donors Living With HBV—And no Viral Coinfection
Our challenge was to find donors 18 to 65 years old living with HBV but who were free of viral coinfections and advanced liver diseases. This inclusion and exclusion criteria allowed researchers to narrow potential biomarker discoveries to only those associated with HBV infection—which also shrank our pool of potential participants. By partnering with the Hepatitis B Foundation and through independent outreach initiatives targeting our donor community, we identified more than 1,000 people diagnosed with HBV and enrolled 106 who met these criteria
>100 originally enrolled donors,
95% are still participating today;
Two blood specimen collections per week over a period of 3 years to date.
HBV Surface Antigen Testing and Delivery
After sample collection, our core laboratory partner services were leveraged to screen for levels of two antigens in participants’ blood serum: HBsAg surface antigen and HBeAg secreted antigen. These provide researchers with information about current infection and whether the virus is actively replicating. Test results were conveyed to researchers, and shipment of biospecimens to their site coordinated seamlessly.
Peer-Reviewed and Published
Peer-Reviewed and PublishedOur innovative approach empowers scientific studies and drives the sort of discoveries set to make a tangible difference in the lives of people living with HBV. In this case, we’ve worked together with Arbutus to longitudinally collect criteria acceptable blood specimens and data, which enabled work recently published in Nature Communications, Checkpoint inhibition through small molecule-induced internalization of programmed death-ligand 1.⁴
See how studying hepatitis B-specific immune responses ex vivo contributed to their ability to identify a novel small molecule-induced inhibition mechanism of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis with potential therapeutic implications in chronic viral infections and oncology.
Spotlight on The Sanguine Difference
REFERENCES
¹ Hepatitis B Foundation. What is hepatitis B? Page accessed: February 25, 2021. https://www.hepb.org/what-is-hepatitis-b/what-is-hepb
² Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Hepatitis B questions and answers for the public. Page last reviewed: July 28, 2020. Page accessed: February 23, 2021. https://www.cdc.gov/hepatitis/hbv/bfaq.htm#overview
³ Block T, Cohen C, Kamischke M. Commentary on the cure: What happened to the cure for hepatitis B? Hepatitis B Foundation. May 2020. Page accessed: February 23, 2021. URL: https://www.hepb.org/news-and-events/commentary-on-the-cure
⁴ Park JJ, Thi EP, Carpio VH, et al. Checkpoint inhibition through small molecule-induced internalization of programmed death-ligand 1. Nat Commun. 2021; 12:1222. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-21410-1